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Panchalingeshwara Temple (also spelt Panchalingeshvara) in Govindanahalli, Mandya district, Karnataka state, India, was constructed around 1238 A.D. during the reign of the Hoysala empire King Vira Someshwara. The name "Panchalingeshwara" literally means "five linga" (''pancha'' - five and ''linga'' - the universal symbol of the god Shiva). The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. The famous sculptor of Hoysala times, Ruvari Mallitamma, is known to have made contributions to the temple. ==Temple plan== According to art historian Gerard Foekema, the Panchalingeshwara temple is a rare example of a ''panchakuta'' (''lit'', five shrines with five towers) construction in Hoysala architecture.〔Foekema (1996), p.25〕 The five shrines are built on a north-south axial plan with the sanctums face east. In each shrine, the sanctum (''garbhagriha'') is connected to a hall (''mantapa'' or ''navaranga'') by a ''vestibule'' (''sukanasi''). A long pillared hall on the east connects the individual ''mantapa'' together. The entrance to the temple complex is via two porched entrances whose ceiling are supported by lathe turned pillars. Irrespective of the number of shrines in the complex, these are standard features in Hoysala temples.〔Foekema (1996), pp.21-25〕〔Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-136〕 The porches are located in front of the second and third shrines. The decoration (articulation) on the outer walls of the shrines (''vimana'') is modest and comprises miniature decorative towers (''aedicula'') on pilasters. The wall panel of images between the eave and the base moldings (''adhisthana'') include some depictions from the Hindu epics. According to Gerard Foekema, this form of treatment is common to Hoysala art.〔Foekema (1996), pp.28-29〕 The tower over each shrine (''shikhara'') comprises the standard three tiers of roofs with each vertically ascending tier diminishing in height. Above this is a structure called the ''stupi'' that holds the finial, a decorative water-pot like structure called the ''Kalasha''.〔Foekema (2001), pp.27-28〕 The vestibule of each shrine has a low protruding tower (also called ''sukanasi''). This tower is shorter than the main tower over the shrine and hence appears like an extension of it. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.〔Foekema (1996), p.22〕 The inner walls of the each ''mantapa'' have seventeen niches many of which house sculptures of merit.〔 File:Panchlingeshvara temple at Govindanahalli southern wall relief carvings.jpg|Relief on southern shrine wall File:Panchlingeshvara temple at Govindanahalli in the Mandya district of Karnataka state India southwestern relief carvings.jpg|Another view of the Panchalingeshwara temple Image:Saptamatrika (seven mothers) in Panchalingeshvara Temple at Govindanahalli.jpg|Matrikas sculpture in relief 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panchalingeshwara Temple, Govindanahalli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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